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  title: '"This "do" notation may seem mysterious, as it i..."',
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  anchorContext: 'Then the counterfactual conditional $\\mathbb P(\\mathbf x | \\operatorname{do}(X_j=x_j))$ is calculated via:',
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  text: 'This "do" notation may seem mysterious, as it is not part of standard probability theory. However, as Pearl shows in Section 3.2.2 ("Interventions as Variables") of *Causality*, second edition, all of this can be treated as a notational convenience, as a causal model can be reduced to a certain kind of PGM with variables for interventions, and the "do" notation (or lack of a "do") can be considered to be a statement about the value of an intervention variable.\n\nSee also this [Powerpoint deck](http://ksvanhorn.com/bayes/Causality.pptx).',
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