{ localUrl: '../page/log_base_1.html', arbitalUrl: 'https://arbital.com/p/log_base_1', rawJsonUrl: '../raw/41m.json', likeableId: '2603', likeableType: 'page', myLikeValue: '0', likeCount: '4', dislikeCount: '0', likeScore: '4', individualLikes: [ 'EricBruylant', 'JaimeSevillaMolina', 'NateSoares', 'EricRogstad' ], pageId: 'log_base_1', edit: '7', editSummary: '', prevEdit: '6', currentEdit: '7', wasPublished: 'true', type: 'wiki', title: 'Logarithm base 1', clickbait: 'There is no log base 1.', textLength: '2323', alias: 'log_base_1', externalUrl: '', sortChildrenBy: 'likes', hasVote: 'false', voteType: '', votesAnonymous: 'false', editCreatorId: 'NateSoares', editCreatedAt: '2016-09-15 01:27:41', pageCreatorId: 'NateSoares', pageCreatedAt: '2016-06-06 22:50:39', seeDomainId: '0', editDomainId: 'AlexeiAndreev', submitToDomainId: '0', isAutosave: 'false', isSnapshot: 'false', isLiveEdit: 'true', isMinorEdit: 'false', indirectTeacher: 'false', todoCount: '0', isEditorComment: 'false', isApprovedComment: 'true', isResolved: 'false', snapshotText: '', anchorContext: '', anchorText: '', anchorOffset: '0', mergedInto: '', isDeleted: 'false', viewCount: '103', text: '[summary: There is no [-3nd] base 1, because no matter how many times you multiply 1 by 1, you get 1. If there _were_ a log base 1, it would send 1 to 0 (because $\\log_b(1)=0$ for every $b$), and it would also send 1 to 1 (because $\\log_b(b)=1$ for every $b$), which demonstrates some of the difficulties with $\\log_1.$ In fact, it would need to send 1 to every number, because $\\log(1 \\cdot 1) = \\log(1) + \\log(1)$ and so on. And it would need to send every $x > 1$ to $\\infty$, and every $0 < x < 1$ to $-\\infty,$ and those aren't numbers, so there's no logarithm base 1.\n\nBut _if there was,_ it would be a [-multifunction] with values in the [extended_reals extended real numbers]. This is actually a perfectly valid way to define $\\log_1,$ though doing so is not necessarily a good idea.]\n\nThere is no [-3nd] base 1, because no matter how many times you multiply 1 by 1, you get 1. If there _were_ a log base 1, it would send 1 to 0 (because $\\log_b(1)=0$ for every $b$), and it would also send 1 to 1 (because $\\log_b(b)=1$ for every $b$), which demonstrates some of the difficulties with $\\log_1.$ In fact, it would need to send 1 to every number, because $\\log(1 \\cdot 1) = \\log(1) + \\log(1)$ and so on. And it would need to send every $x > 1$ to $\\infty$, and every $0 < x < 1$ to $-\\infty,$ and those aren't numbers, so there's no logarithm base 1.\n\nBut if you _really_ want a logarithm base $1$, you can define $\\log_1$ to be a multifunction [3js from] [positive_real_numebrs $\\mathbb R^+$] [3lg to] $\\mathbb R \\cup \\{ \\infty, -\\infty \\}.$ On the input $1$ it outputs $\\mathbb R$. On every input $x > 1$ it outputs $\\{ \\infty \\}$. On every input $0 < x < 1$ it outputs $\\{ -\\infty \\}$. This multifunction can be made to satisfy all the basic [4bz properties of the logarithm], if you interpret $=$ as $\\in$, $1^{\\{\\infty\\}}$ as the [interval_notation interval] $(1, \\infty)$, and $1^{\\{-\\infty\\}}$ as the interval $(0, 1)$. For example, $0 \\in \\log_1(1)$, $1 \\in \\log_1(1)$, and $\\log_1(1) + \\log_1(1) \\in \\log_1(1 \\cdot 1)$. $7 \\in log_1(1^7)$, and $15 \\in 1^{\\log_1(15)}$. This is not necessarily the best idea ever, but hey, the [complex_log final form] of the logarithm was already a multifunction, so whatever. See also [log_is_a_multifunction].\n\nWhile you're thinking about weird logarithms, see also [4c8].', metaText: '', isTextLoaded: 'true', isSubscribedToDiscussion: 'false', isSubscribedToUser: 'false', isSubscribedAsMaintainer: 'false', discussionSubscriberCount: '1', maintainerCount: '1', userSubscriberCount: '0', lastVisit: '', hasDraft: 'false', votes: [], voteSummary: 'null', muVoteSummary: '0', voteScaling: '0', currentUserVote: '-2', voteCount: '0', lockedVoteType: '', maxEditEver: '0', redLinkCount: '0', lockedBy: '', lockedUntil: '', nextPageId: '', prevPageId: '', usedAsMastery: 'false', proposalEditNum: '0', permissions: { edit: { has: 'false', reason: 'You don't have domain permission to edit this page' }, proposeEdit: { has: 'true', reason: '' }, delete: { has: 'false', reason: 'You don't have domain permission to delete this page' }, comment: { has: 'false', reason: 'You can't comment in this domain because you are not a member' }, proposeComment: { has: 'true', reason: '' 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