{ localUrl: '../page/propositions.html', arbitalUrl: 'https://arbital.com/p/propositions', rawJsonUrl: '../raw/2v8.json', likeableId: '1769', likeableType: 'page', myLikeValue: '0', likeCount: '0', dislikeCount: '0', likeScore: '0', individualLikes: [], pageId: 'propositions', edit: '2', editSummary: '', prevEdit: '1', currentEdit: '2', wasPublished: 'true', type: 'wiki', title: 'Propositions', clickbait: 'Propositions are statements with a truth value.', textLength: '798', alias: 'propositions', externalUrl: '', sortChildrenBy: 'likes', hasVote: 'false', voteType: '', votesAnonymous: 'false', editCreatorId: 'JeremyPerret', editCreatedAt: '2016-03-27 18:15:36', pageCreatorId: 'JeremyPerret', pageCreatedAt: '2016-03-26 17:44:04', seeDomainId: '0', editDomainId: 'AlexeiGigster', submitToDomainId: '0', isAutosave: 'false', isSnapshot: 'false', isLiveEdit: 'true', isMinorEdit: 'false', indirectTeacher: 'false', todoCount: '1', isEditorComment: 'false', isApprovedComment: 'true', isResolved: 'false', snapshotText: '', anchorContext: '', anchorText: '', anchorOffset: '0', mergedInto: '', isDeleted: 'false', viewCount: '24', text: '[summary:Propositions are statements with a clearly defined truth value]\n\nLogic is usually studied through language. In [2h8 formal logic], we attached a symbol (e.g. $S$) to a statement (e.g. "*Socrates is a man*"). This statement has a **truth value**: either Socrates *is* a man, and $S$ is **true**, or Socrates *isn't* a man, and $S$ is **false**. We call this kind of statement a **proposition**. In [ classical logic], there is no middle ground: either a proposition is true, or false. This is the **law of excluded middle**.\n\nBy definition, a proposition could be attached to any statement, as long as it has a truth value. For example, "*Socrates is a man*" or "*The Moon is made of cheese*". 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